Index

1. PGE Introduction

• PGE is a Predictive physics Game Engine
  • it operates by predicting the time of next collision rather than using a frame based approach

2. PGE Screen and world coordinates 1m x 1m

3. PGE works with Python and Pygame

• PGE allows you to create an object and give it physical attributes and pygame will draw the image
  • the object will behave as it would in the real world (almost!)
• you can interfere with the object using mouse and keyboard input
• your program can also modify the PGE world

4. PGE Python API

• is powerful enough to implement breakout in about 2 hours
• the Python interface allows you to:
  • define call backs to occur when objects collide
  • define timer functions to execute in the future
• you can also change an objects attribute (velocity/acceleration) in Python

5. PGE Objects

• colour
• circle
  • can be declared at any level
• polygon
  • can be declared at any level
• text
  • can be declared at any level other than level 0
• springs
  • can only be declared at level 0
• only objects at level 0 are handled by the physics engine
  • objects declared at any level < 0 are in the background
  • objects declared at any level > 0 are in the foreground
• all objects are drawn in level order
• you must include a boarder to the PGE world
  • a picture frame to enclose all objects
• you must give a mass to non fixed objects

6. Simple example

• tinypge.py

  #!/usr/bin/env python
  
  import pge, sys
  from pygame.locals import *
  
  
  print ‘‘starting pge’’
  # pge.batch ()
  pge.interactive ()
  
  
  wood_light = pge.rgb (166.0/256.0, 124.0/256.0, 54.0/256.0)
  wood_dark = pge.rgb (76.0/256.0, 47.0/256.0, 0.0)
  red = pge.rgb (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
  ball_size = 0.05
  boarder = 0.01

• 
  tinypge.py

  def myquit (e):
      print ‘‘goodbye’’
      sys.exit (0)
  
  def key_pressed (e):
      if e.key == K_ESCAPE:
          myquit (e)
  
  
  def placeBoarders (thickness, color):
      print ‘‘placeBoarders’’
      floor = pge.box (0.0, 0.0, 1.0, thickness, color).fix ()
      left = pge.box (0.0, 0.0, thickness, 1.0, color).fix ()
      right = pge.box (1.0-thickness, 0.0, thickness, 1.0, color).fix ()
      top = pge.box (0.0, 1.0-thickness, 1.0, thickness, color).fix ()
      return floor, left, right, top

• 
  tinypge.py

  def main ():
      pge.slow_down (6.0)  # slows down real time by a factor of
      top, left, right, top = placeBoarders (boarder, wood_dark)
      pge.circle (0.6, 0.7, ball_size, red).mass (1.0)
  
      print ‘‘before run’’
      pge.gravity ()
      pge.draw_collision (True, False)
      pge.register_handler (myquit, [QUIT])
      pge.register_handler (key_pressed, [KEYDOWN])
      pge.display_set_mode ([800, 800])
      pge.run (10.0)
      pge.finish_record ()
  
  
  print ‘‘before main()’’
  main ()

7. Diagram for the world created by the simple code example

8. Simple example explanation

• PGE is run in interactive mode
  • it could be run in batch mode for testing
  • it can record a game, and the developer can play it back
    • single stepping each frame if necessary
• turn on gravity
• the circle is placed and given a mass
• pge.draw_collision (True, False)
  • draw an extra frame at the actual time of collision
  • do not colour vertices in collision

9. Simple example

• tinypge.py

  #!/usr/bin/env python
  
  import pge, sys
  from pygame.locals import *
  
  
  print ‘‘starting pge’’
  # pge.batch ()
  pge.interactive ()
  
  
  wood_light = pge.rgb (166.0/256.0, 124.0/256.0, 54.0/256.0)
  wood_dark = pge.rgb (76.0/256.0, 47.0/256.0, 0.0)
  red = pge.rgb (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
  ball_size = 0.05
  boarder = 0.01

• 
  tinypge.py

  def myquit (e):
      print ‘‘goodbye’’
      sys.exit (0)
  
  def key_pressed (e):
      if e.key == K_ESCAPE:
          myquit (e)
  
  
  def placeBoarders (thickness, color):
      print ‘‘placeBoarders’’
      floor = pge.box (0.0, 0.0, 1.0, thickness, color).fix ()
      left = pge.box (0.0, 0.0, thickness, 1.0, color).fix ()
      right = pge.box (1.0-thickness, 0.0, thickness, 1.0, color).fix ()
      top = pge.box (0.0, 1.0-thickness, 1.0, thickness, color).fix ()
      return floor, left, right, top

• 
  tinypge.py

  def main ():
      pge.slow_down (6.0)  # slows down real time by a factor of
      top, left, right, top = placeBoarders (boarder, wood_dark)
      pge.circle (0.6, 0.7, ball_size, red).mass (1.0)
  
      print ‘‘before run’’
      pge.gravity ()
      pge.draw_collision (True, False)
      pge.register_handler (myquit, [QUIT])
      pge.register_handler (key_pressed, [KEYDOWN])
      pge.display_set_mode ([800, 800])
      pge.run (10.0)
      pge.finish_record ()
  
  
  print ‘‘before main()’’
  main ()

10. Current limitations of PGE

• the screen must be square
  • xresolution must be the same as the yresolution
• only circles can be moving
  • springs act between a pair of objects (circles and/or polygons)

11. Features

• PGE can be asked to record the game
  • you can play it back again using the command line tool pgeplayback
  • useful if you want to debug your code
• it can generate frames at the time of impact, giving a greater sense of visual realism
• can slow down simulated time to make the game easier

12. Tutorial work and homework

• try out the examples in these notes and read the code
  • comment each line of code and read the documentation to PGE aid your understanding

13. Balls bouncing ramps example

• kongpge.py

  #!/usr/bin/env python
  
  import pge, sys
  from pygame.locals import *
  
  
  print ‘‘starting kong in pge’’
  # pge.batch ()
  pge.interactive ()

• 
  kongpge.py

  t = pge.rgb (1.0/2.0, 2.0/3.0, 3.0/4.0)
  wood_light = pge.rgb (166.0/256.0, 124.0/256.0, 54.0/256.0)
  wood_dark = pge.rgb (76.0/256.0, 47.0/256.0, 0.0)
  red = pge.rgb (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
  green = pge.rgb (0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
  blue = pge.rgb (0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
  blue_dark = pge.rgb (0.1, 0.1, 0.8)
  steel = pge.rgb (0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
  copper = pge.rgb (0.5, 0.3, 0.2)
  gold = pge.rgb (0.8, 0.6, 0.15)

• 
  kongpge.py

  ball_size = 0.02
  boarder = 0.01
  white = pge.rgb (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
  gap = 0.01
  captured = None
  sides = []
  seconds_left = 120
  previous = None

• 
  kongpge.py

  def myquit (e):
      print ‘‘goodbye’’
      sys.exit (0)
  
  def key_pressed (e):
      if e.key == K_ESCAPE:
          myquit (e)
  
  
  def delete_ball (o, e):
      for b in e.collision_between ():
          if b != o:
              b.rm ()
              new_barrel ()

• 
  kongpge.py

  def placeBoarders (thickness, color):
      print ‘‘placeBoarders’’
      floor = pge.box (0.0, 0.0, 1.0, thickness, color).
              fix ().on_collision (delete_ball)
      left = pge.box (0.0, 0.0, thickness, 1.0, color).
              fix ()
      right = pge.box (1.0-thickness, 0.0, thickness, 1.0, color).
              fix ()
      ceil = pge.box (0.0, 1.0-thickness, 1.0, thickness, color).
              fix ()
      return floor, left, right, ceil

• 
  kongpge.py

  def placeRamps ():
      bot = pge.poly4 (0.95, 0.2,
                       0.15, 0.18,
                       0.15, 0.17,
                       0.95, 0.19, wood_dark).fix ()
      mid = pge.poly4 (0.85, 0.4,
                       0.05, 0.42,
                       0.05, 0.43,
                       0.85, 0.41, wood_dark).fix ()
      top = pge.poly4 (0.95, 0.7,
                       0.15, 0.68,
                       0.15, 0.67,
                       0.95, 0.69, wood_dark).fix ()

• 
  kongpge.py

  def timer (e = None, param = None):
      global seconds_left, previous
      if seconds_left >= 0:
          pge.at_time (1.0, timer)
          s = ‘‘%d’’ % seconds_left
          if previous != None:
              previous.rm ()
          previous = pge.text (0.8, 0.9, s, white, 100, 1)
          seconds_left -= 1

• 
  kongpge.py

  def new_barrel (e = None, param = None):
      global gb
      gb = pge.circle (0.9, 0.85, 0.03, steel).mass (1.25)

• 
  kongpge.py

  def main ():
      global gb, sides
  
      placeRamps ()
      pge.slow_down (6.0)  # slows down real time by a factor of
      timer ()
      new_barrel ()
      b1, b2, b3, b4 = placeBoarders (boarder, wood_dark)
  
  
      print ‘‘before run’’
      pge.gravity ()
      pge.draw_collision (True, False)
      pge.register_handler (myquit, [QUIT])
      pge.register_handler (key_pressed, [KEYDOWN])
      pge.display_set_mode ([800, 800])
      pge.run (seconds_left/6.0+4.0)
      pge.finish_record ()

• 
  kongpge.py

  print ‘‘before main()’’
  main ()

Index

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